Python 'TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str' (also unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'): how do I put numbers into strings?

Cause: The + operator joins a str only to another str. Python does not convert numbers to text automatically, so "Total: " + 5 raises TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str, and 5 + "x" raises unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'. It often appears when a value comes from input(), which is always a str, or from reading a file, and then is mixed with numbers, or the reverse: a number from a database being added to a text label. Note that "3" + "4" gives "34" (no error), which can hide the same mistake. Fix (best first): 1. Use an f-string: print(f"Total: {count}"). Add format specs for numbers, such as {price:.2f} for two decimals or {n:5d} for a width of 5. 2. Or use str.format: "Total: {}".format(count), or pass several values to print(): print("Total:", count). 3. If you must concatenate, convert explicitly: "Total: " + str(count). 4. If the problem is arithmetic on text input, convert the other way: total = int(user_input) + 5 (or float(...)), and handle ValueError for bad input. 5. Check the real types when unsure with print(type(value)) or repr(value), since "5" and 5 look alike when printed. 6. When building text in a loop, collect pieces and use "".join(str(x) for x in items). Verify: run the line again; the output contains the number formatted as expected and no TypeError, and arithmetic on converted values yields numbers rather than repeated strings. Sources: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html